Repetitive Behaviors in Children Who are Blind or Low Vision: What Are They?

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Repetitive behaviors in children who are blind or have low vision can often be perplexing to sighted observers. These behaviors, sometimes referred to as stereotypical behaviors, mannerisms, self-stimulatory behaviors, or “blindisms,” may include actions like eye poking, hand flapping, rocking, light gazing, and head shaking. Understanding the reasons behind these behaviors and knowing how to address them is crucial for parents and caregivers.

Common Repetitive Behaviors

Eye Poking or Pressing 

Some children repeatedly poke or press their hands or fingers on or in their eyes. Before attempting to change this behavior, ensure it isn’t due to eye discomfort or pain. Consult with an eye care specialist to rule out any medical issues. 

Hand Flapping 

Hand flapping often occurs when a child is excited and typically subsides as they calm down. This behavior may repeat without an apparent reason. 

Rocking 

Rocking back and forth or side to side while sitting or standing is common. For some children, this behavior intensifies with increased excitement. 

Light Gazing 

Children may find light highly stimulating and enjoy staring at lamps or sunny windows. They might also flick or wave their fingers in front of their eyes to create light patterns. 

Head Shaking 

Repeated head shaking, even when the child isn’t saying “no,” can be observed. This is especially common in babies lying in their cribs or on the floor. 

Why Do These Behaviors Occur? 

There isn’t a single agreed-upon theory explaining why some visually impaired children engage in repetitive behaviors. However, several theories suggest: 

• Reduced Environmental Stimulation: Visually impaired children may seek internal stimulation due to limited external visual input, leading them to engage in self-stimulatory behaviors. 

• Habit Formation: Without typical play and social interactions that sighted children experience, these behaviors may become habitual as alternative ways to express excitement or boredom. 

Strategies to Address Repetitive Behaviors

As you are working with your child and others to positively change behaviors, remember to stay positive, be patient and try various activities to find what works for your child.  

Redirect to Acceptable Activities 

Engage your child in pleasurable physical activities to provide alternative sources of stimulation. Introducing a variety of toys that encourage the use of their hands can help divert their attention from repetitive behaviors. Getting your baby involved in a stimulating activity, they are less likely to think of poking their eye or shaking their head. Activities like singing, patting their back while walking with them, or playing patty-cake can also serve as effective distractions. 

Focus on Positive Reinforcement 

Instead of scolding your child for engaging in self-stimulatory behaviors, redirect their actions and provide positive attention when they refrain from these behaviors. For example, praise them when they wait patiently without rocking or poking their eyes. 

Educate Family and Friends 

Inform family members and friends not to encourage these behaviors, as it can make it harder for your child to break the habit. Encourage them to engage your child in activities or play instead. Provide resources like FamilyConnect for further education on these behaviors. 

Promote Social Awareness 

As your child becomes more aware of others, gently inform them that their behaviors may make others uncomfortable. Use simple explanations, such as, “When you wave your hands like that, that lets others know you are saying “hello” or “goodbye”, if you would like the child over there to play let’s try to play with the shovel and ask them to help build the roads.” 

Supporting change positively  

Understanding and addressing repetitive behaviors in children who are blind or have low vision involves patience, positive reinforcement, and effective redirection strategies. By providing stimulating activities and fostering a supportive environment, parents and family members can help children develop more socially acceptable ways of expressing themselves. 

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