Preparing for Disasters or Emergencies When Blind or Low Vision

Emergencies can strike at any time. They can be unpredictable, sudden, and potentially life-threatening. 

These situations can be even more challenging for people who are blind or have low vision. The usual visual cues and signals may not be accessible, making navigating and responding effectively more difficult. 

That’s why it’s crucial to have a personalized emergency plan. This plan should consider your unique needs and circumstances. 

This guide aims to provide actionable advice on emergency preparedness — covering everything from organizing supplies to navigating during a disaster. 

Whether you’re blind or have low vision or a family member, this guide can help enhance safety and self-reliance during emergencies. 

Conquering Unique Obstacles 

Individuals who are blind or low vision may face distinct challenges during emergencies. Typical signs and signals may not be accessible, complicating rapid responses. When an emergency strikes, reliable navigation and communication are crucial yet present additional challenges. Unfamiliar or altered environments might be disorienting.  

Gathering information is critical. Emergency broadcasts may use visual or hard-to-read alert formats. This creates a gap in crucial, time-sensitive information. Accessible alerts help alleviate this barrier, allowing informed decision-making during crises. 

Considering these unique obstacles helps devise effective emergency preparedness strategies, ensuring safety and peace of mind for all. 

Personalizing Your Emergency Plan 

Creating a personalized emergency plan is crucial. The plan should address individual needs and circumstances and include strategies and resources specific to your life and environment. 

Start by assessing your unique requirements and preferred communication methods. This assessment will guide the development of a comprehensive and effective plan tailored to your needs. Consider potential scenarios and how you would respond to each situation. 

Your personalized plan should include: 

  • A list of emergency contacts in multiple formats accessible to you and others who may be assisting. 
  • Copies of important documents such as a social security card and IDs. 
  • A list of over-the-counter and prescription medications for you and your guide dog. 
  • Emergency shelter locations. 
  • Strategies for navigating safely from your home if needed. 
  • A smartphone, other assistive technology, and portable batteries to keep items charged. 
  • Plans and supplies for a guide dog and their needs. 

Review and update your emergency plan regularly. Changes in environment or health may alter your needs. An up-to-date plan ensures readiness and peace of mind, preparing you for any emergency. 

Building a Personal Support Network 

Creating a personal support network is important. Reliable friends, family, and neighbors can provide essential assistance. It’s important to communicate your specific needs clearly to them. 

Check-in regularly and update them on any changes in your emergency plan. Building these relationships ensures that you are not alone during crises. A well-informed, strong support network can make a huge difference. 

Effective Communication During Emergencies 

Clear communication is essential, especially during emergencies. Establishing reliable communication methods ensures you receive critical information promptly. It also allows you to convey your needs to responders and support networks. 

Let your support network know about your preferred communication methods. These may include using devices like a computer, smartphone, or tablet with text-to-speech screen reading software, braille displays, or other assistive technology. Make sure these tools are in good working condition and accessible at all times. 

It’s beneficial to have multiple communication channels ready in case one fails. Consider incorporating the following: 

  • Portable rechargeable communication devices. 
  • Pre-recorded messages with essential information. 
  • Essential information in multiple formats (digital, hardcopy braille and/or print). 
  • A whistle or similar device to signal for help. 
  • Backup contact information for emergency contacts. 

Practicing different communication strategies can enhance your readiness and confidence. Regular drills with your support network strengthen your ability to stay connected and informed during an emergency, improving your overall safety and assurance. 

Organizing and Labeling Emergency Supplies 

Efficient organization of emergency supplies is crucial for swift access during a crisis. For individuals who are blind or have low vision, organizing and clearly labeling supplies can prevent potential hazards. It ensures that crucial items are easily located when needed most. 

Begin by sorting your supplies into categories, such as food, water, medications, and tools. Store them in distinct, labeled containers. Tactile labels, such as braille or raised symbols, can significantly aid in identifying items quickly. Consider using containers of varying textures or shapes to distinguish their contents easily. 

Here’s a suggested list for organizing and labeling: 

  • Use rubber bands or zip ties to close bags for easy tactile identification. 
  • Color-coded lids, paired with specific textures, help in item differentiation. 
  • Use auditory labels that provide spoken item descriptions when scanned. 
  • Store items in a consistent, accessible location for familiarity. 
  • Regularly check and update labels to match current supplies. 

Consistent organization and labeling practices minimize the chaos of an emergency.  

Navigating Safely During a Disaster 

Safe navigation during a disaster is essential. Familiarity with your environment provides a significant advantage during an emergency. Regular practice navigating both familiar and unfamiliar areas enhances confidence and preparedness. 

Understanding the layout of living spaces and surrounding areas and having alternative plans or routes for evacuating are crucial components of an emergency plan. Tactile maps can be an invaluable tool for orientation. Maps help identify safe exits, hazards, and essential locations, like emergency supply storage locations, shelters, or meeting points. 

When disaster strikes, staying calm is vital. Use your white cane, guide dog, or human guide to navigate, as familiar environments may have unexpected obstacles.  

GPS devices may also help with navigation. However, ensure you have a battery backup, as GPS can quickly drain your battery. 

Utilizing Assistive Technology and Devices 

Using assistive technology can play a crucial role in emergency preparedness for people who are blind or low vision. Devices can provide independence and safety during critical moments. Making the most of modern tools is essential for adequate preparation. 

Some devices, like smartphones, offer real-time updates, enhancing awareness and navigation during emergencies. Ensuring your devices are always charged and functioning optimally is vital. 

Here are some devices and assistive technologies to consider: 

  • Smartphone apps can provide real-time alerts, GPS, and shelter location information. Smartphones can also store photocopies of important documents. 
  • Voice-activated assistants, such as smart speakers, can access information hands-free and may be a source of information during an emergency. 
  • Screen readers and magnification software allow quick access to emergency information. 

It’s important to have backup power options, like portable chargers, to keep devices operational. Incorporating technology into your emergency plan will increase your ability to respond effectively in various disaster scenarios. 

Guide Dogs in Emergencies 

A guide dog can provide invaluable assistance during emergencies. They are trained to guide safely through environments.  

Ensuring the safety of your guide dog during emergencies is imperative. Have an emergency kit ready for them, including food, water, medications, a dog first-aid kit, and other necessary supplies. Always communicate their role clearly to first responders when needed. 

Conducting Regular Emergency Drills 

Practicing emergency drills is important. Practicing scenarios builds confidence and ensures readiness when real disasters occur. Drills should mimic potential emergencies and include backup plans for unanticipated situations. 

Incorporating drills into your routine will help you and your support network respond swiftly. Consider the following while planning: 

  • Simulate different types of disasters (fire, earthquake, etc.). 
  • Practice using all emergency equipment and tools. 
  • Involve as many as possible in your support network during drills. 

Regular practice solidifies plans and helps identify areas for improvement or updating. 

Accessible Emergency Alert Systems 

Accessible emergency alert systems are crucial for people with low vision or blindness. These systems ensure that you receive vital information quickly. Some alerts are designed with auditory signals or can send notifications via smartphone. 

To stay informed, register with services that offer accessible alerts tailored to your needs. Many local and national organizations provide these services. Ensure all devices are set up to receive alerts efficiently, even during power outages. Accessible alerts provide peace of mind, helping you stay aware and prepared. 

Preparing for Specific Types of Disasters 

Each type of disaster presents unique challenges. Whether facing a fire, earthquake, hurricane, tornado, prolonged power outage, or flood, it’s crucial to have specific strategies in place. Understanding the nature of each disaster helps you tailor your emergency plan effectively. 

Fires require quick, calm responses with pre-planned escape routes. Earthquake preparedness involves securing heavy items to prevent injuries. It’s also essential to know how to shut off utilities safely. Natural disasters like hurricanes demand knowledge of evacuation routes and shelter locations. 

Consider the following actions for various disasters: 

  • Fires: Install fire extinguishers and accessible smoke detectors and practice exit routes. 
  • Earthquakes: Secure furniture and create a safe area in your home. 
  • Floods: Keep an emergency bag ready with essentials for quick evacuation. 

Tailoring your preparedness for specific scenarios ensures safety and confidence. A diverse range of strategies equips you to respond effectively, no matter the disaster. 

In emergencies, knowing your legal rights is vital. People with disabilities have specific protections under laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These laws ensure equal access to emergency services and facilities during disasters. 

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC)  provides useful information about the rights of people with disabilities in emergencies. 

Lessons Learned from VisionAware Peer Advisors 

Staying informed is crucial for effective emergency preparedness. VisionAware Peer Advisor Deanna Noriega offers this advice. “When emergencies happen, we can be too overwhelmed to think clearly. Putting together a few things in advance may never be needed, but it is invaluable if and when a disaster happens. Dig out that old backpack, gym bag, or large shopping tote and assemble a few emergency supplies. You won’t regret being prepared for any emergency, large or small.” Empish Thomas suggests putting together an advance medical directive in case you cannot communicate your wishes about your care in an emergency.  

Emergency Preparedness Checklist

Having a comprehensive checklist can enhance preparedness. This list ensures that all critical items and actions are covered well before an emergency. Begin by considering your specific needs and challenges during different disasters. 

Here is a checklist to assist you in preparing effectively: 

  • Emergency Contacts: Maintain updated contact details for family, friends, and emergency services. 
  • Emergency Kit: Include medications, a whistle, flashlights, and a first aid kit. 
  • Device Chargers: Ensure you have chargers or portable power for essential devices like smartphones. 
  • Identification: Have multiple forms of ID and medical documentation ready. 
  • Guide Dog Supplies: Keep extra food, water, and medications for service animals. 

Review and update your checklist regularly. Adjust based on new information or changes in your needs. This proactive approach will bolster your confidence and preparedness in an emergency.