Functional Vision Assessment (FVA)

Various materials used to determine functional vision.

The functional vision assessment (FVA) is for children with low vision. It is an assessment of how a child uses their vision in everyday life, so it is usually not done with children who are totally blind or have light perception only. Since a child’s visual condition and abilities can change over time, the FVA […]

Orientation and Mobility Assessment

Two students outside,  holding canes with an Orientation and Mobility instructor standing behind them. 

An orientation and mobility (O&M) assessment examines a child’s ability to travel safely indoors and outdoors, with or without assistance. An O&M instructor, a professional with specialized training in teaching travel skills and concepts such as spatial awareness, will conduct the assessment. Some TVIs are certified in O&M, while others have limited expertise and cannot […]

Learning Media Assessment (LMA)

A student writing what is displayed on an enlarged screen.

The Teacher of Students with Visual Impairments (TVI) conducts the Learning Media Assessment (LMA). The results are used to determine which senses your child uses most to get information from the environment. Additionally, decisions can be made about which method or methods your child should use for learning and literacy. If the sense of touch […]

IEP and 504 Plan: What’s the Difference, and Which Is Most Appropriate for My Child Who is Blind Or Low Vision?

Young mother sitting at a conference table with teachers.

As children with blindness or low vision progress through school, parents and administrators meet regularly to review the child’s progress and set new goals. Sometimes, especially for older students, questions arise as to whether special education services are still necessary—if the student is doing well as long as basic accommodations like braille, large print, and/or […]