Eye Care Professionals Who May Work with Your Child

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Your family may have little or no experience finding and working with medical specialists. However, if your child has been diagnosed with an eye condition, it becomes important to find a specialist. Your family doctor may be the first professional to consult. The doctor may be able to refer you to knowledgeable eye care specialists. Friends may also be able to make helpful recommendations. A university-affiliated hospital department of eye care and the university’s medical faculty might be good sources for referrals to experts in the field.

Other Important Sources

Parents’ groups can be invaluable in many ways. Their members have faced many of the same questions, confusion, and fears as you. You may get practical and emotional support from them and recommendations for doctors to contact. FamilyConnect’s Parent Support Group can also help you find groups and individuals with which to connect.

Your child may have to be seen by a variety of eye care specialists, each with specific expertise. Understanding the qualifications of each and their roles in managing your child’s eye care is important. Whenever possible, consult with someone knowledgeable about the particular eye condition of your child. Many eye care professionals don’t often work with patients who have low vision. Therefore, they’re unfamiliar with the special needs of patients and the specialized exams, procedures, and devices involved in providing effective low-vision services. The Directory of Services is a source of agencies and services that may be able to help you locate such a specialist.

Free InfantSEE Assessment for Your Baby 

Early detection of vision issues is crucial for a child’s development. The InfantSEE® program offers no-cost comprehensive eye and vision assessments for infants aged 6 to 12 months, regardless of family income or insurance coverage. These assessments help identify conditions like amblyopia (lazy eye), strabismus (eye misalignment), and significant refractive errors that can impact learning and development. To ensure your child receives the best start, schedule an assessment with a local InfantSEE® provider. Visit the InfantSEE® Find a Doctor tool to locate a participating optometrist near you. 

Ophthalmologists

An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor (MD will follow the person’s name) who has gone through college, followed by four years of medical school, and completed an internship and residency. Ophthalmologists diagnose and treat eye diseases and can perform surgery. In all probability, an ophthalmologist first diagnosed your child’s eye condition. These professionals also can prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenses for children. Some ophthalmologists and optometrists specialize in low vision, that is, working specifically with people to help them maximize their use of vision, but most do not.

An ophthalmologist may or may not be a specialist in working with children. Many ophthalmologists specialize in one aspect of eye diseases—retinal diseases. You’ll find, in general, that ophthalmologists vary considerably in their approach to children, especially those with multiple disabilities. Examining and working with children often involves considerations different from those involved in working with adults, for example, in communicating, being responsive to a child’s emotions and behavior, and being attuned to how children may indicate what they can see.

It’s important that you and your child have a confident, comfortable relationship with the ophthalmologist, so if you have any concerns about that, you may want to consider seeing another doctor—perhaps a pediatric ophthalmologist—for a second opinion.

Optometrists

An optometrist will have the initials OD after their name. Optometrists have completed college and three to four years of optometry school. They do not perform surgery. Instead, they focus on helping patients maximize the use of their vision. They do this by prescribing eyeglasses or contact lenses and, if appropriate, low-vision devices such as magnifiers, monoculars, or video magnifiers, also called closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs). Optometrists or their assistants may teach children how to use low-vision devices. In some states, optometrists can prescribe medications and diagnose eye diseases; in others, they are not.

Some optometrists provide behavioral optometry, which involves having children do exercises or visual training to increase their visual skills. Before enrolling a child in a behavioral optometry regimen, getting additional opinions about whether this method has potential benefits for the child’s particular eye condition is best.

Opticians

An optician has taken courses in optics and completed a two-year apprenticeship under an experienced optician. Opticians grind and fit lenses in accordance with prescriptions from an ophthalmologist or optometrist. The optician will help you and your child select frames for their eyeglasses. For the lenses to be effective, it’s extremely important to have comfortable frames and fit your child’s face properly.

Ocularists

An ocularist has been trained and certified to develop artificial eyes typically made of plastic. You may have heard the term “glass eye” or “prosthetic eye” used. Children born without an eye, a condition called anophthalmia, or who have had an eye removed because of disease have to have artificial eyes made specifically for them. The eye is placed in the child’s eye socket to promote proper socket growth and development of facial bones. It also serves cosmetic purposes. As the child grows, a new eye must be made periodically.

Role of a Low-Vision Specialist

The term low vision specialist refers to an ophthalmologist or optometrist who has completed additional training and certification in the area of low vision. An exam conducted by a low-vision specialist is similar to an exam conducted by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. However, it will have additional components that focus on helping children maximize their usable vision through low-vision devices for

• near tasks (closer than 16 inches),
• intermediate tasks (16 inches to 3 feet), and
• distance tasks (beyond 3 feet).

The low-vision specialist can prescribe aids such as magnifiers, monoculars, or video magnifiers. A low vision specialist also considers how lighting and nonoptical aids such as a reading stand, bold-lined paper, or nonprescription sun lenses can help children use their vision more efficiently.

Certified Low Vision Therapists

A certified low vision therapist (CLVT) has completed an internship and passed an exam to demonstrate knowledge of low vision. The CLVT conducts a functional vision assessment (FVA) to determine how a child is using their vision for everyday tasks. They will work closely with either an ophthalmologist or optometrist who prescribes low-vision devices based on the functional vision assessment. The Therapist also teaches children how to use these aids and other techniques to maximize their functional vision. A CLVT is not a doctor and cannot diagnose an eye disease, prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenses, or prescribe medications.