Cataracts: Symptoms, Treatment, and My Journey to Clearer Vision

If you’re experiencing blurry vision, glare, or difficulty seeing clearly, you might be wondering about cataracts. I can relate. I’ve navigated the world with less-than-perfect eyesight since first grade, a delightful experience marked by those thick ’70s and ’80s glasses that magnified my eyes. My mom also had lifelong vision issues, so perhaps it was in the genes. 

For years, I adapted. But in my 40s, strange things started happening – a difference in how I perceived light between my eyes. I was experiencing a great deal of glare at night, especially when driving.  Like many, I initially ignored it, chalking it up to allergies or tiredness. My denial even survived a memorable encounter with a gas station ditch! It wasn’t until a formal diagnosis that I understood what was happening: cataracts. 

This page combines essential medical information about cataracts with my journey, offering insights into symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and what you can expect. 

What are Cataracts?  

Cataracts are a clouding of the natural lens inside your eye. This lens, normally clear, helps focus light on the retina at the back of your eye, enabling sharp vision. When a cataract develops, it’s like looking through a frosty or fogged-up window. 

Symptoms of Cataracts 

 

The development of cataracts is usually gradual, and you might not notice the changes in your vision at first. Common cataract symptoms include: 

• Cloudy or blurry vision: This is the most common symptom, making things look hazy or unclear. 

• Increased sensitivity to light and glare: Headlights, sunlight, and indoor lighting can become uncomfortably bright

• Difficulty seeing at night: This can make driving at night challenging.

• Faded or yellowed colors: Colors may appear less vibrant. Whites may look yellow.

• Double vision in one eye: This is less common but can occur. 

• Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription: Your vision may fluctuate, requiring more frequent updates to your corrective lenses. 

Tony’s Experience with Cataract Symptoms 

For me, the initial symptoms were subtle – the strange difference in light perception and glare while driving

Diagnosing Cataracts  

An ophthalmologist or optometrist typically diagnoses cataracts during a comprehensive eye exam. This exam usually includes: 

• Visual acuity test: Using an eye chart to measure how well you can see at various distances. 

• Slit-lamp examination: A special microscope that allows the doctor to see the structures at the front of your eye, including the lens, in detail. 

• Dilated eye exam: Eye drops are used to widen your pupils, allowing the doctor to examine the lens and retina more thoroughly. 

• Tonometry: A test to measure the pressure inside your eye. 

My diagnosis revealed cataracts in both eyes. The doctor even used the term “ripe” for one, indicating it was significantly advanced and needed prompt attention. 

Cataract Treatment: Surgery  

The primary and most effective treatment for cataracts is cataract surgery. This involves removing the cloudy, natural lens and replacing it with a clear, artificial lens called an intraocular lens (IOL). There are several different types of lenses available. For example, a toric lens corrects moderate astigmatism. The most commonly used is a monifocal lens, which Medicare covers.

What to Expect During Cataract Surgery 

Modern cataract surgery is usually an outpatient procedure with a high success rate. Here’s a general idea of what to expect: 

• Anesthesia: You’ll receive either local anesthesia (numbing the eye area) or general anesthesia (being put to sleep). Note: giving general anesthesia  is not very common as many doctors prefer having the patient awake and responsive through using a local anesthesia. General anesthesia is normally used   for patients with unusual coexisting conditions such as restless leg syndrome.

• Lens Removal: The surgeon will make a tiny incision in your eye and use specialized instruments to break up and remove the cloudy, natural lens. 

• IOL Implantation: A clear, artificial lens is then inserted into the empty lens capsule. 

• Recovery: You’ll typically go home the same day and be given prescription eye drops to aid healing and prevent infection. You will wear an eye shield to protect your eye while sleeping according to your doctor’s instructions.

• Glasses: After your eye is healed, your doctor will determine if you need a new glasses prescription. Normally the lenses you used before surgery will not work.

My Post-Surgery Experience and Potential Complications 

After my first surgery, I developed severe headaches. Although very unusual during cataract surgery, my eye pressure spiked due to pigment dispersion syndrome, where pigment granules clogged the eye’s drainage system.  This was incredibly painful and could have led to permanent vision loss if left untreated. This is not the norm with cataract surgery,  and thankfully, eye drops resolved the issue. It’s crucial to contact your doctor immediately if you experience significant pain or vision changes after surgery. Most people go home on drops to prevent infection. It is important to go to your post-op visits with your doctor so you are monitored for infections and other rare complications. Most doctors schedule post-operative visits within a day or so of the surgery.

Life After Cataract Surgery 

Once my eyes healed, the difference in my vision was remarkable. It was like switching from an old, blurry television to high definition! Colors were more vibrant, and everything appeared sharper. The only follow-up I’ve needed was a few quick laser procedures to remove scar tissue from my lens implants – a common and straightforward procedure.  This procedure is called a capsulotomy and can be done in the ophthalmologist’s office.

I do notice more floaters now – those little specks that drift across your vision. They were likely always there, but with my vision so much clearer, I’m just more aware of them. Note: Be aware of any changes that you experience with floaters. They can signal a retinal tear. Anyone can develop a retinal tear and detachment, but  they are more likely to occur in older people, including those who have recently undergone cataract surgery, or have sustained eye trauma.

Benefits of Cataract Surgery  

The benefits of cataract surgery can be life-changing, including: 

• Improved vision clarity: Seeing the world in sharper detail—although you may still need corrective lenses as noted above

• Reduced glare sensitivity: Making driving at night and being in bright environments easier most of the time

• Enhanced color perception: Experiencing colors more vividly. 

• Improved quality of life: Participating more fully in activities you enjoy. 

If you’ve been putting off cataract surgery, I encourage you to explore your options. The improvement in vision can be truly incredible. 

Living Well with Cataracts and After Surgery 

Whether you’re managing early-stage cataracts or recovering from surgery, APH VisionAware offers support and resources. We provide practical tips for managing daily activities with vision changes, information on low vision aids if needed, and ways to find a supportive community to connect with others who understand what you are going through.

Learn More About Cataracts:

What Are Cataracts? – American Academy of Ophthalmology

Types of artificial lenses

Cataracts | National Eye Institute (includes information about research)

What Is a Posterior Capsulotomy? – American Academy of Ophthalmology

Medicare Vision Services

Floaters, Retinal Tears, and Retinal Detachments – ConnectCenter

Reviewed by Anne T. Riddering, PhD, OTRL, CLVT, COMS, CFPS, Henry Ford Health, Department of Ophthalmology and consultant member of the Academy of Ophthalmology Vision Rehabilitation Committee. December, 2025