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Orientation and Mobility and the Expanded Core Curriculum

Two students holding canes facing teachers.

What Is Orientation & Mobility (O&M)? This area of the expanded core curriculum (ECC) focuses on two broad, interrelated components: orientation (knowing one’s position in relation to other things in one’s surroundings and keeping track of how these relations/positions change as one moves through the environment) and mobility (the physical act of moving from one […]

Functional Vision Assessment (FVA)

Various materials used to determine functional vision.

The functional vision assessment (FVA) is for children with low vision. It is an assessment of how a child uses their vision in everyday life, so it is usually not done with children who are totally blind or have light perception only. Since a child’s visual condition and abilities can change over time, the FVA […]

Orientation and Mobility Assessment

Two students outside, holding canes with an Orientation and Mobility instructor standing behind them.

An orientation and mobility (O&M) assessment examines a child’s ability to travel safely indoors and outdoors, with or without assistance. An O&M instructor, a professional with specialized training in teaching travel skills and concepts such as spatial awareness, will conduct the assessment. Some TVIs are certified in O&M, while others have limited expertise and cannot […]

Individualized Education Program (IEP) Advice for Parents of Children with Blindness or Low Vision

Small empty conference room with TV projector, conference table and chairs.

Once your child has been found eligible to receive special education services because of their eye condition, determining your child’s individual needs begins. The document outlining these needs and services is the Individualized Education Program (IEP). You can think of it as the blueprint or roadmap for the appropriate services that your school system will […]

Learning Media Assessment (LMA)

A student writing what is displayed on an enlarged screen.

The Teacher of Students with Visual Impairments (TVI) conducts the Learning Media Assessment (LMA). The results are used to determine which senses your child uses most to get information from the environment. Additionally, decisions can be made about which method or methods your child should use for learning and literacy. If the sense of touch […]